Land use effects on soil organic carbon,microbial biomass and microbial activity in Changbai Mountains of Northeast China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xiangmin Fang  Qingli Wang  Wangming Zhou  Wei Zhao  Yawei Wei  Lijun Niu  Limin Dai 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(3):297-306

Land use changes are known to alter soil organic carbon （SOC） and microbial properties, however, information about how conversion of natural forest to agricultural land use as well as plantations affects SOC and microbial properties in the Changbai Moun- tains of Northeast China is meager. Soil carbon content, microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, basal respiration and soil carbon mineraliza- tion were studied in five selected types of land use： natural old-growth broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest （NF）; spruce plantation （SP） established following clear-cutting of NF; cropland （CL）; ginseng farmland （GF） previously under NF; and a five-year Mongolian oak young forest （YF） reforested on an abandoned GF, in the Changbai Mountains of Northeast China in 2011. Results showed that SOC content was significantly lower in SP, CL, GF, and YF than in NF. MBC ranged from 304.4 mg/kg in CL to 1350.3 mg/kg in NF, which was significantly higher in the soil of NF than any soil of the other four land use types. The SOC and MBC contents were higher in SP soil than in CL, GF, and YF soils, yielding a significant difference between SP and CL. The value of basal respiration was also higher in NF than in SP, CL, GF, and YF. Simultaneously, higher values of the metabolic quotient were detected in CL, GF, and YF soils, indicat- ing low substrate utilization of the soil microbial community compared with that in NF and SP soil. The values of cumulative mineral- ized carbon and potentially mineralized carbon （Co） in NF were significantly higher than those in CL and GF, while no significant dif- ference was observed between NF and SP. In addition, YF had higher values of Co and C mineralization rate compared with GF. The results indicate that conversion from NF into agricultural land （CL and GF） uses and plantation may lead to a reduction in soil nutrients （SOC and MBC） and substrate utilization efficiency of the microbial community. By contrast, soils below SP were more conducive to the preservation of soil organic matter, which was reflected in the comparison of microbial indicators among CL, GF, and YF land uses. This study can provide data for evaluating soils nutrients under different land use types, and serve as references for the rational land use of natural forest in the study area.  相似文献   

Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Plant Functional Traits in Freshwater Wetland of Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MAO Rong  ZHANG Xinhou  SONG Changchun 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,(6):674-681

To clarify the responses of plant functional traits to nitrogen（N） enrichment, we investigated the whole-plant traits（plant height and aboveground biomass）, leaf morphological（specific leaf area（SLA） and leaf dry mass content（LDMC）） and chemical traits（leaf N concentration（LNC） and leaf phosphorus（P） concentration（LPC）） of Deyeuxia angustifolia and Glyceria spiculosa following seven consecutive years of N addition at four rates（0 g N/（m^2·yr）, 6 g N/（m^2·yr）, 12 g N/（m^2·yr） and 24 g N/（m^2·yr）） in a freshwater marsh in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The results showed that, for both D. angustifolia and G. spiculosa, N addition generally increased plant height, leaf, stem and total aboveground biomass, but did not cause changes in SLA and LDMC. Moreover, increased N availability caused an increase in LNC, and did not affect LPC. Thus, N addition decreased leaf C∶N ratio, but caused an increase in leaf N∶P ratio, and did not affect leaf C∶P ratio. Our results suggest that, in the mid-term, elevated N loading does not alter leaf morphological traits, but causes substantial changes in whole-plant traits and leaf chemical traits in temperate freshwater wetlands. These may help to better understand the effects of N enrichment on plant functional traits and thus ecosystem structure and functioning in freshwater wetlands.  相似文献   

Urban Economic Cluster Template and Its Dynamics of Beijing,China     

YANG Zhenshan  LIANG Jinshe  CAI Jianming 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,(6):740-750

Economic clusters have been a central focus of current urban and regional research, policies and practices. However, a meth- odology to identify and analyze policy-relevant economic cluster dynamics is still not well developed. Based on input-output （I-O） data of 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002 and 2007 of Beijing, this article presents an adapted principle component analysis for identifying the evolu- tion of local economic cluster patterns. This research addresses the changes of economic interaction of industries with complementary and common activities over time. The identified clusters provide an insight into the reality of economic development in a diversifying urban economy： the increasing importance of services and the growing interaction between service and manufacturing industries. Our method therefore provides the analysts with a better understanding of the emergence, disappearance and development of economic clus- ters citywide. The results could be used to assist monitoring urban economic development and designing more practical urban economic strategies.  相似文献   

点态性质与一致性质的一个新关系     

蔡龙生  吴定平  史沧红 《成都信息工程学院学报》2014,(2):195-198

为了研究点态性质和一致性质之间的关系,应用紧性性质在拓扑意义下得到逐点有界性质蕴含一致有界性质的结论,并将其推广到连续函数族的情况.基于Baire定理,得到完备度量空间中的逐点收敛性质可导出一致有界性质的结论.  相似文献   

Go with the flow: geospatial analytics to quantify hydrologic landscape connectivity for passively dispersed microorganisms     

Alexander Hohl  Ross K. Meentemeyer 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(8):1626-1641

Understanding the diverse ways that landscape connectivity influences the distribution of microbial species is central to managing the spread and persistence of numerous biological invasions. Here, we use geospatial analytics to examine the degree to which the hydrologic connectivity of landscapes influences the transport of passively dispersed microbes, using the invasive plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum as a case study. Pathogen occurrence was analyzed at 280 stream baiting stations across a range of watersheds – exposed to variable inoculum pressure – in California over a 7-year period (2004–2010). Using logistic regression, we modeled the probability of pathogen occurrence at a baiting station based on nine environmental variables. We developed a novel geospatial approach to quantify the hydrologic connectivity of host vegetation and inoculum pressure derived from least cost distance analyses in each watershed. We also examined the influence of local environmental conditions within the immediate neighborhood of a baiting station. Over the course of the sampling period, the pathogen was detected at 67 baiting stations associated with coastal watersheds with mild climate conditions, steep slopes, and higher levels of inoculum pressure. At the watershed scale, hydrologic landscape connectivity was a key predictor of pathogen occurrence in streams after accounting for variation in climate and exposure to inoculum. This study illustrates a geospatial approach to modeling the degree to which hydrologic systems play a role in shaping landscape structures conducive for the transport of passively dispersed microbes in heterogeneous watersheds.  相似文献   

经典测量平差模型等价性分析     

孙斌 《北京测绘》2014,(3):25-26,30

对经典平差模型进行了较深入的分析和比较,在数学推导的基础上,附有参数的条件平差都可以转换成其他模型。在某种意义上说,附有参数的条件平差也可作为概括模型。  相似文献   

Geochemical features and origin of natural gas in heavy oil area of the Western Slope,Songliao Basin,China     

Guangyou Zhu  Shuichang Zhang  Barry Jay Katz  Jin Su  Xue Wang  Zihui Feng  Jie Cui  Xingwang Liu 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2014

The Western Slope of the Songliao Basin is rich in heavy oil resources (>70 × 10⁸ bbl), around which there are shallow gas reservoirs (∼1.0 × 10¹² m³). The gas is dominated by methane with a dryness over 0.99, and the non-hydrocarbon component being overwelmingly nitrogen. Carbon isotope composition of methane and its homologs is depleted in ¹³C, with δ¹³C₁ values being in the range of −55‰ to −75‰, δ¹³C₂ being in the range of −40‰ to −53‰ and δ¹³C₃ being in the range of −30‰ to −42‰, respectively. These values differ significantly from those solution gases source in the Daqing oilfield. This study concludes that heavy oils along the Western Slope were derived from mature source rocks in the Qijia-Gulong Depression, that were biodegraded. The low reservoir temperature (30–50 °C) and low salinity of formation water with neutral to alkaline pH (NaHCO₃) appeared ideal for microbial activity and thus biodegradation. Natural gas along the Western Slope appears mainly to have originated from biodegradation and the formation of heavy oil. This origin is suggested by the heavy δ¹³C of CO₂ (−18.78‰ to 0.95‰) which suggests that the methane was produced via fermentation as the terminal decomposition stage of the oil.  相似文献   

河北省石家庄市南部污灌区厚层包气带污染物自然衰减的微生物作用潜力评价          下载免费PDF全文

张翠云  张胜  何泽  殷密英  宁卓 《地球学报》2014,35(2):223-229

本次研究的目的是利用传统的培养技术和现代的磷脂脂肪酸PLFA(Phosphor Lipid Fatty Acid)技术、Biolog技术、16 S rRNA基因变性梯度凝胶电泳DGGE(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis)及测序技术,调查石家庄市南部污灌区厚近30 m包气带微生物含量、分布、活性和多样性,评价污灌区厚层包气带污染物自然衰减的微生物作用潜力。包气带沉积物样品通过岩芯钻探获得,用于物理、化学和微生物分析。结果显示,土壤层(5~20 cm)微生物含量高,活性高,代谢类型多,可培养的异养菌与自养菌、好氧异养菌、兼性厌氧异氧菌和专性厌氧异养菌共存;土壤层下伏包气带微生物含量较低,活性降低,代谢类型减少,可培养的细菌主要是好氧性异养菌、兼性厌氧异养菌和好氧自养菌,而且随岩性而变化,在砂层和重粘土层含量低,活性低,而在亚粘土层含量和活性大。研究结果指示土壤层具有很高的污染物生物自然衰减潜力,而且下伏包气带仍有这种潜力,特别是下部溶解有机碳DOC(Dissolved Organic Carbon)含量高的层位潜力更大。  相似文献   

祁连山冻土区水合物DK3和DK6钻孔中微生物脂肪酸特征及意义     

焦露  苏新  黄霞  刘浩东  何浩  蒋宏忱  王永莉 《地球学报》2014,35(5):599-607

利用脂肪酸法分析祁连山冻土带水合物区DK3(含水合物)与DK6(不含水合物)钻孔岩心中微生物多样性。本研究获得C12到C24二十六种脂肪酸(FA),可以分成直链饱和脂肪酸(SSFA),支链饱和脂肪酸(BSFA),单键不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA),环丙烷脂肪酸(CFA)和多键不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)五大类型,其中SSFA相对含量最高。由于特异性的脂肪酸指示特异性的微生物类群,得出两根岩心中微生物类群主要由革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌和真菌组成。运用PAST(Palaeontological statistics,version 1.21)软件对已获得的脂肪酸进行主成分分析和聚类分析,得出DK3与DK6岩心的微生物组成并无显著性差异,但是DK3岩心中含水合物层位与不含水合物层位微生物组成有差异,DK6岩心中有水合物异常的层位与无异常的层位有差异。发现C16:1和C18:1这两类脂肪酸与甲烷异常有很好的对应关系,从另一方面证明了水合物异常影响微生物组成分布。本次研究首次获得冻土沉积物中FA组成特征,丰富了FA的分布范围,研究结果扩大了真菌的分布深度,具体机理有待更多的实验证明。  相似文献   

Current Progress on the Geological Record of Microbialites and Microbial Carbonates     

CHEN Jitao  LEE Jeong-Hyun 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(1):260-275

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